Unveiling the Fungal Frontier: Exploring the Role of Fungi in the Gut Microbiome and Human Health

Abstract

This literature review discusses recent research’s that have emphasized the relevance of fungi in the gut microbiome and their influence on human health. Fungi were long thought to be minor actors in the gut microbiome, but they now interact with other members of the cytoplasm and the host's immune system, influencing physiological processes such as digestion, metabolism, and the immune system. The literature review examines the principal fungus species present in the human gut, the interaction of fungi and bacteria, the activities of fungi in the gut microbiome, their influence on human health, fungal-based therapeutics for gut diseases, disease susceptibility, and the gut mycobiome. While fungal communities help the gut microbiota, several studies reveal that fungal population imbalances can contribute to problems of health such as inflammatory disorders, bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes type 2. Literature review also emphasizes the important relationship between bacteria and fungus, as well as how antibiotic treatment targeting bacteria might mistakenly result in fungal dysbiosis. While there is accumulating evidence of considerable interaction between bacteria and fungus in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the study indicates that additional research is needed to completely understand the molecular pathways underlying these in vivo interactions.